Research into sound- and music-based interventions is growing, with studies exploring their potential effects on stress, anxiety, mood, pain and physiological markers of relaxation.
Stress & anxiety
Research suggests that music-based interventions can help reduce anxiety and psychological stress in a range of settings. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found meaningful reductions in self-reported anxiety, although results vary depending on the type of intervention, setting and individual.
Relaxation & physiological responses
Sound and music may influence physiological processes associated with relaxation, including heart rate, breathing and autonomic activity. Research specifically examining singing bowls has also reported promising findings, although the evidence remains limited and further high-quality studies are needed.
Sound, attention & brain activity
Researchers are also exploring how sound and music influence attention, relaxation and patterns of brain activity. Findings related to changes in brainwave activity are interesting, but the evidence is still developing. Specific frequencies should not be presented as reliably producing specific brain states.
An emerging field
It is important to distinguish between different forms of sound-based intervention. The research base for music therapy and music-based interventions is broader than the research currently available on singing bowls, tuning forks and other forms of sonotherapy.
At Body Mind Therapy Tokyo, I use sonotherapy as a complementary mind-body approach rather than presenting it as a treatment for a specific medical or psychological condition. When appropriate, it can be used alongside psychotherapy or medical care.
Selected Research
De Witte et al. (2025)
Music therapy for the treatment of anxiety: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analyses.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 51 studies found that music therapy was associated with reductions in anxiety, while effects on physiological outcomes were less conclusive.
Liu et al. (2025)
Therapeutic effects of singing bowls: A systematic review of clinical studies.
A systematic review of clinical studies found promising results for singing bowl interventions, including potential effects on anxiety, mood and sleep, while highlighting limitations in the current evidence.
Tibetan Singing Bowl Intervention — Systematic Review (2025)
A systematic review examining Tibetan singing bowl interventions reported potential benefits for psychological and physiological well-being, while emphasizing the need for more rigorous controlled research.